"We write, unlearned and learned"
Irving published the first edition of the History of New York in 1809 and rewrote the book for subsequent editions in 1812, 1819, 1824, 1829, and 1848. Lehigh University Information Resources has the 1809 first edition in its Special Collections, and we were able to obtain the 1812, 1824, and 1848 editions elsewhere. The "Author's Revised Edition" of 1848 is a significantly different book from the 1809 edition, though book one, chapter five that we are working with here was not the focus of major revisions. Since we were not able to study all the editions with Irving revisions, we can not offer a genetic history of the revisions of book one, chapter five, but we do offer here a table showing the differences between the first and the second editions.
The table shows that in the second edition Irving made a series of what we might call minor revisions--changing (paragraph 12), repositioning (paragraph 31), or correcting (paragraph 4) a word or phrase here and there. Revisions in paragraphs 12, 16, 19, 20, 27, and 29, however, indicate what looks like a desire to tone down his satire. For instance, the attack on the "first comers" is softened by the cutting the blatant irony in paragraph 12, by eliminating the enumeration of the "comforts" of life in paragraph 20, and especially by the complete omission of the very biting paragraph 16. References to our planet itself are cleaned up a bit by the revisions in paragraph 27 and paragraph 29, and there is evidence of self-imposed bowdlerization in paragraph 8.
There is only space in the tables to give a little context
for the revisions, but the underlinings focus attention on the specific
changes in each paragraph, and there are links to our transcription.
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without asking the consent of its inhabitants |
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without first gaining the consent of its inhabitants |
My readers shall now see with astonishment, how easily I will vanquish this gigantic doubt, which has so long been the terror of adventurous writers |
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omitted, joining paragraphs 2 and 3, adding "--a question" as transition: compensation for their territory? --a question which has withstood so many fierce assaults |
such great distress of mind to multitudes of kind-hearted folks. For, until this mighty question is totally put to rest |
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such great distress of mind to multitudes of kind-hearted folk. And indeed until it be totally vanquished and put to rest |
Puffendorf, b. 4. c. 4. |
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Puffendorf, b. 5. c. 4. |
But the host of zealous and enlightened fathers |
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But the zealous and enlightened fathers |
giants--a description of vagrants, that since the times of Gog, Magog and Goliath, have been considered as outlaws, and have received no quarter in either history, chivalry or song; indeed, even the philosopher Bacon |
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giants--which last description of vagrants have since the times of Gog, Magog and Goliath been considered as outlaws, and have received no quarter in either history, chivalry or song; indeed, even the philosophic Bacon |
the celebrated Ulloa tells us |
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Ulloa tells us |
Now all these peculiarities, though in |
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Now all these peculiarities, although in |
beardless, bare bottomed black seed |
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beardless, black seed |
and a host of others |
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and a variety of others |
for their frugal table |
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for their frugal repast |
Titius and a host of wise men |
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Titius and many wise men |
it plainly follows that they had no right to the soil, but that it was completely at the disposal of the first comers, who had more knowledge and more wants than themselves--who would portion out the soil, with churlish boundaries; who would torture nature to pamper a thousand fantastic humours and capricious appetites; and who of course were far more rational animals than themselves. |
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it plainly followed that they had no right to the soil, but that it was completely at the disposal of the first comers, who had more knowledge, more wants, and more elegant, that is to say artificial, desires than themselves. |
than themselves. In entering |
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than themselves. [start new paragraph] In entering |
the right acquired by civilization |
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the right acquired by civilization |
among them the comforts of life, consisting of rum, gin and brandy |
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among them rum, gin and brandy, and the other comforts of life |
fathers of the Roman Church |
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fathers of the Romish Church |
except that of setting them |
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except indeed that of setting them |
foreign emigrants from Europe |
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benign visitants from Europe |
Nor did the other methods of civilization remain uninforced.
The Indians improved daily and wonderfully by their intercourse with the
whites. They took to drinking rum, and making bargains. They learned
to cheat, to lie, to swear, to gamble, to quarrel, to cut each others throats,
in short, to excel in all the accomplishments that had originally marked
the superiority of their Christian visitors. And such a surprising aptitude
have they shewn for these acquirements, that there is very little doubt
that in a century more, provided they survive so long, the irrisistible
effects of civilization; they will equal in knowledge, refinement, knavery,
and debauchery, the most enlightened, civilized
and orthodox nations of Europe. |
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omitted |
not in lieu thereof |
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not instead thereof |
issued one of those mighty bulls, which bear down reason, argument and every thing before them |
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issued a mighty bull |
purpose under heaven but to improve |
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purpose but to improve |
comforts of life, such as gin, rum, brandy, and the small-pox; for having |
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comforts of life; for having |
not have the impertinence to smile |
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not have the uncharitableness to smile |
of very curious, profound and unprofitable speculations |
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of similar speculations |
the mighty little Bonaparte |
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the mighty Bonaparte |
obscure little scurvy planet |
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obscure little dirty planet |
for the inhabitants of the newly discovered globe are totally destitute of the common attributes of humanity, inasmuch as they carry their heads upon their shoulders, instead of under their arms—have two eyes instead of one—are utterly destitute of tails, and of a variety of unseemly complexions, particularly of a horrible whiteness—whereas all the inhabitants of the moon are pea-green! |
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who are a race of beings totally destitute of the common attributes of humanity; and differing in everything from the inhabitants of the moon, inasmuch as they carry their heads upon their shoulders, instead of under their arms—have two eyes instead of one—are utterly destitute of tails, and of a variety of unseemly complexions, particularly of a horrible whiteness instead of pea-green! |
possession of that little dirty planet |
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possession of a newly discovered planet |
Thus have I clearly proved, and I hope strikingly |
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Thus I hope, I have clearly proved, and strikingly |
completely knocked in the head |
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completely vanquished |
conduct my impatient and wayworn readers, into the renowned city |
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conduct my readers, into the city |
example of the celebrated Hans Von Dunderbottom |
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example of a renowned tumbler of antiquity |
having been himself out of breath |
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having run himself out of breath |