INSTRUCTIONS for CONNECTING to MAIN FRAME and

USING UNIX COMMANDS and EMACS

( Jacob Y. Kazakia   September 2008)

1.      Install the program X-Win32 9.2 to your computer.

2.      From Start, from Programs, from X-Win32 9.2  select     X-win32  . 

A window will appear in the middle of the screen for a short while and then it will disappear.
After this point you should see in the right hand side of the program bar of your screen an icon of X.
Click on it and a selection of connections will appear.  See below:

3.      Select      leaf.cc.lehigh.edu         The following will appear:

 

4. Enter your user ID      and click continue.  The following will appear

 

 

5.  Enter your password and click continue.  The following will appear:

             

PLEASE NOTE: below this point the material refers to our earlier main frame vega.  However the unix commands are exactly the same as the current ones.

 You can move to your AFS space by changing the directory  . This is the first command entered in the figure below. Notice that the prompt changes to indicate the new location. The second command is ls and it lists the directories & files in my AFS space. A more detailed listing is obtained by the third command entered ls -l . At this point, you don't have a subdirectory named engr1 as I do. But you should have a subdirectory named private and one named public. You can tell the subdirectories by the fact that their detailed description starts with d . For example, in the figure below Desktop is a directory and so is News but Power.dt is only a file. The string of characters next to d determines the permissions given to the file/directories (don't worry about them now). The rest is sort of self explanatory.

Now let's make a new directory named jyk0demo and let's use emacs to write a simple file named jyk0ex1.txt in this directory. The necessary commands are shown below together with the picture of the editor emacs which pops up as a result of our command. Note that the & entered after the file name in the command emacs jyk0ex1.txt is used in order to keep both the xterm window and the editor window active.

 

Here is the Emacs window  :

 

Notice that the name of the file appears on the black line towards the lower portion of the editor. The menu on the top is very similar to PC windows applications and the editor is mouse controlled. The response of the system is significantly slower that the windows environment; don't be annoyed take longer breaths. We type the contents of a simple file as shown:

Clicking on the Files part of the menu generates the following figure.

Selecting Save (current buffer)  will save the file in the current directory. Clicking on Exit Emacs will terminate the session etc.

 Now let's look at the xterm window ( notice that you get a message at the command line of the editor when the file is saved (written):

 

Note that the file is now in the jyk0demo subdirectory. Now suppose that we would like to change the name of the file to jyk0example.cpp we can do this by either cp ( for copy) command or by mv ( for move) command. We illustrate both of these below. We use cp for jyk0example1 and mv for jyk0example2.

 

Note that cp made a second copy of the file and it has a new different time stamp of 18:59. But the mv command simply changed the name of the file leaving the time stamp unchanged at 18:58.

As another illustration let's try to make a copy of the file jyk0example1.cpp in the parent directory of jyk0demo ( which is of course, /home/jyk0/AFS ) using the same name for the file. This can be achieved in various ways as listed below:

 

  1. while in jykodemo:

cp    /home/jyk0/AFS/jyk0demo/jyk0example1.cpp    /home/jyk0/AFS/jyk0example1.cpp

or

cp    jyk0example1.cpp    /home/jyk0/AFS/jyk0example1.cpp (since the current directory is /home/jyk0/jAFS/yk0demo )

or

cp   jyk0example1.cpp     /home/jyk0/AFS ( since the file name will remain the same)

or

cp  jyk0example1.cpp    ..   (since two periods denote parent directory)

The third method is illustrated below together with the use of ls to view the file names and the use or rm ( for remove) to delete the newly copied file.

 

 

  1. while in the parent directory /home/jyk0/AFS we can do the copying in one of the following ways:

 

cp /home/jyk0/AFS/jyk0demo/jyk0example1.cpp /home/jyk0/AFS/jyk0example1.cpp

or

cp /home/jyk0/AFS/jyk0demo/jyk0example1.cpp jyk0example1.cpp (since the current directory is /home/jyk0 /AFS)

or

cp /home/jyk0/AFS/jyk0demo/jyk0example1.cpp . (since the file name is the same )

PLEASE NOTE THE PURPLE SINGE PERIOD

or

cp jyk0demo/jyk0example1.cpp . (since jyk0demo is a subdirectory of the current directory)

PLEASE NOTE THE PURPLE SINGE PERIOD

The third way is illustrated in the figure below:

If you need to examine the contents of a file, you can open it in an editor (or application). A text file can also be viewed by simply using the unix command more followed by the file name. This is illustrated below:

 

Press the Enter key or the space bar to go to the next page.

Play around with some more unix commands. You can exit emacs from the menu Files. You can exit the xterm (and terminate connection) by typing the unix command exit. You can close the toolbox window on your desktop.